2.Development

In Camera Editing

Before editing software was created filmmakers used In camera editing to make there films, This is where you shoot each shot one after the other in the linear order of the story and each shot has to be perfect as back then they wouldn't of been able to edit the footage in post-production. Really In camera isn't editing at all because it means filming your shots in the sequence of how it is going to be shown, instead of shooting them in an order of which is easiest for you and then piecing them together in post-production.

In camera editing has its advantages but also its disadvantages,  if all the scenes you are shooting are to be shot in the same location then it proves an advantage because you can follow the story as it goes along which makes it easier to follow.
But also if you're shots are in different locations then using In camera would take a lot more time than just going in the order of shots to suit where you are and just piecing them together in the post-production.

Heres a film by Edwin. S. Porter 'The Great Train Robbery'. Back when this was made they didn't have the software or the technology to be able to edit in post- production. This film was shot using In camera editing.

Following the action

In films particularly in action films they always use following the action to follow everything that is taking place in a scene to make it look more exciting they follow the action using a dolly shot or tracking shot which is when a cart is on a track and is moved along the track to record the shot. the camera is mounted to the cart to film all of the footage. But Stanley Kubrick uses alot of tracking shot to follow the characters around in the film the shinning. one of the tracking shots is an iconic scene that has been recreated in TV shows like family guy, the scene is where the camera follows the little boy going round on his tricycle round the hotel.

Also most dollies have the ability to move vertically to be able to get the footage that might be high up in some cases, they can also be fitted with cranes so the footage that is at a higher level is able to be captured easily and successfully. An example of where this would be used is in a big car chase in an action film.

when using a dolly you can also use a dolly zoom which is a technique that zooms in and out and it adjusts to the zoom angle to ensure that the subject in shot is the same size in the frame.

A dolly zoom is an effect what makes something that your eyes wouldn't normally see this effect was made to be iconic in Alfred Hitchcock's film vertigo to be used later on in Steven Spielberg's Jaws 

Shot variation 

In films they use a big variate of shots and there are lots out there what can be used for different reasons.

Extreme long shot- An extreme long shot can be used at the beginning of a scene to set the scene or an establishing shot of like the outside of a build of where the scene is shot. the picture below is an establishing shot of the house in Tim Burton's Beetlejuice.

Long shot- a long shot is used so the audience is focused on the characters in shot and just enough of the background is shown. a long shot should include a full body shot with the head near the top of the shot and the feet near the bottom. the example shown below is taken from Tim Burton's film Alice in Wonderland.

Medium shot- Medium shots contain a figure from the knees/waist up and they are normally used in a dialogue scene or to show detail of an action there can also be a variation on this by including a two shot or a three shot. The example below is taken from the film The Hunger Games.

Close up- A close up shows very little background and focuses on either a face or specific detail. The shot is used to show the emotion on someones face or to magnify an object. The example below is taken from Stanley Kubrick's film The Shining. 

Manipulation of diegetic time and space 

Manipulation of diegetic time and space is where in the edit of a film the scene is made to make a person environment or an object look like it is changing over a period of time. For an example if it's a person they could be turning older or younger in a short space of time. it is a technique that is used in so many different films the technique is a clever one because it allows the audience to see the change in time visually. an example is from the film city of gods in the clip skip to around 4:00.